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50% of those affected by glaucoma still do not know

MADRID, 12 Mar. (EUROPA PRESS) -

Approximately 50 percent of those affected by glaucoma are unaware that the disease is beginning to take its first steps, as highlighted by the Academic Number of the Royal Academy of Medicine (RANM), Julian Garcia Sanchez, on the occasion of World Glaucoma Day, celebrated on Saturday.

Glaucoma is known as the "blindness silent" because it is a disease that "does not give any symptoms," he told Europa Press García Sánchez, who is also professor emeritus of Ophthalmology at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid.

"in those who appear normal," insists this expert, who says it is necessary to raise public awareness about the importance of early diagnosis and the need to understand the factors that can induce their appearance.

"The effectiveness of treatment depends on early diagnosis. If glaucoma is detected in a recent phase the subject responds well to treatment, but if done at a late stage the only thing you can get is that the affected maintain situation of severe visual impairment, "says García Sánchez.

Glaucoma is a disease that affects the optic nerve and the probability of "prevent blindness decreases as the disease progresses." Among the risk factors associated with high intraocular pressure stresses, high myopia, age, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and genetics.

HIGH INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE

high intraocular pressure is one of the leading indicators as detailed García Sánchez, who is also coordinator of the thematic network for research in Ophthalmology at the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, "when is above 20 mm of mercury can be a sign suspect the existence of the disease. "

In this sense, the ophthalmologist recommends that people who carry out regular reviews of the intraocular pressure. In particular, it advises its implementation every two years during the first years of life and once year after middle age (50 years).

Also, in case there is a family history of glaucoma should pay more attention because their presence "multiplied by five the probability of occurrence of the disease" and intraocular pressure checks should be made more often.

Alongside this test "should take into account" the result of visual field study on "the breadth of vision in space" and explorations in the fundus, which can reveal nerve damage, which are not reflected in the levels intraocular pressure.

To evaluate the fundus currently used three instruments: the HDR, OCT and GDx. "These techniques compare the image of the nerve with a model image of people with normal values \u200b\u200band taking into account various factors such as age, determines the chances of developing glaucoma," said García Sánchez.

PREVALENCE IN ADULTS OVER 70 YEARS

respect to age, glaucoma is more prevalent in older people. In fact, in those over 70 years is estimated to affect 5 percent of the population, and those over 80 years the incidence reaches heights of between 7 and 10 percent, while the under 40 years does not exceed 0.5 percent figures.

"Aqueous humor exits through a filter that is clogged with the years. Typically, these vessels generally have sufficient capacity to keep up the pressure, but if there is genetic predisposition to glaucoma clog more and are unable to prevent the pressure rise intraocular, "says the Academic RANM Number.

A similar reason that explains that diabetes and cardiovascular disease are risk factors for this disease." Cardiovascular diseases leading to a deterioration of blood vessels that also affect aqueous humor filters ", explains García Sánchez.

Meanwhile, diabetics have a metabolic problem and consequently these fine vessels will result in clogging and therefore the" same process degenerative. Our body is very coordinated, both for good and for bad, "says the expert.